American History

World had witnessed several wars throughout the history for different purposes. Colonization has resulted in many wars between the aboriginals and also between the different European countries that were setting up colonies. But American wars created impact and resulted in its origin, stability and to elevate as super power.

Revolutionary war as American war of Independence
The period of Revolutionary war renowned as The American war of Independence or American Revolution was 1775 to 1783. The war was between the empire of Britain and thirteen British colonies on the North American continent with oceanic places also. The Revolution war led to birth of a new nation. The war began on April 19, 1775.

Causes of the Revolutionary war
The American people were greatly suffered by the Great British crucial ruling. But they sought to do everything by themselves.

The Britain Government determined to collect taxes which had obligation on the French and Indian war. To collect the taxes the British formed some acts as Sugar Act, Stamp Act and others.
The American Colonies people also considered to send their people to British Parliament or at least choose for Britains legislator.

The American Colonists were waiting for the end of the Seven Years war (Known in America as French and Indian War) for their place in the British Empire. But the victory of Britain Empire over France changed all. The British policies collects money from the colonists by way of taxes for the improvement of colonial administration and insertion of hordes in America and these were disagreed with colonists.  The colonists also wanted their participation in the British parliament. All of theses activities by the mid 1770s resulted in the interactions between the American Colonists and British management and they became nervous and discordant. The ruthless taxes and the membership in Parliament conferred augment to a famous saying taxation without representation.

Patrick Henry, Thomas Paine, and others fought for an independent America from British. Then Americans started supply of guns and bullets in destruction of British ruling. The stockpiles led to the war against British. The first shot fired in 1775 at Lexington and Concord. General Thomas Gage, the British Commander around Boston, did not want to irritate the Americans. In April Gage arrested many patriots and also people who supported them at Lexington. He launched this troop at night on April 18 to capture the colonists by circumvent of violence. The army force which waited for the arrival of the British in Lexington started firing as soon as they arrived. But some Americans thought it was not war, it was the beginning. In June 1775, the American colonies created a Continental congress with a continental army under the commander George Washington. The two years period of the war struggled between the patriots and British. With their sea power the British won. But in 1776 and 1777 George Washington was succeeded at Trenton and Princeton, New Jersey. General Horatio Gates who commanded the patriot forces, won at Saratoga, New York in October, 1777. Through the influence of this victory France entered in this war. During 1778 and 1781 the British military paid attention on the south and they won. But the Americans and French associates attacked the British general Lord Cornwallis and took him to custody. At last the Americans and British signed a preliminary peace agreement on November 30, 1782 and signed final treaty on September 10, 1783. This treaty was approving the United States in conditions of national boundaries.

Birth of America
At the successful winning of independence, Americans began to form a self government in both Continental Congress and at the local and state levels. The Americans together formed a new government in Philadelphia, but all Americans did not approve this new constitution. Despite this condition, the constitution was approved. Americans elected George Washington as the president of new republic because of his personal fame and popularity. Washingtons decisions led to the division of central government in two parts, factions and political parties. The second president, John Adams made these divisions with poorer quality. In the third presidency of Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809) the new nation expanded as double by procuring the Louisiana Territory from France. Jefferson was the successor President.

Civil War and Stability
The civil war in America was the important event of American history, even more than the American war of Independence. The atrocious civil war fought between the Confederate States of America and the United States of America. American developed into a huge country from the original thirteen colonies by expanding from both the sides from east to west. America became huge after the embracing the both sides from east to west to its existing thirteen colonies.

The civil wars battles and their generals put a permanent mark on American life, north and south. The Civil War continued since five years from 1861 to 1865. In 1861 the United States faced a great crisis. The differences of northern and southern America in various factors like economical, political and social were the main causes of this Civil War. The North became increasingly industrial and commercial and south had developed in agricultural. Agitation was arising for anti-slavery in the South and unavoidable debates were going in the North. Thus slavery became the central point of civil war. In this period Lincoln succeeded for establishment of liberty from slavery.  In addition to this, Lincoln uttered about the confinement of slavery. Slavery should not be expanding in new states, but some political combats pointed on the expansion of slavery in newly created regions.  There was a fear to southern states for losing the control over the central government to antislavery forces. In opposite, there was a risk to northern states that the domination of slave power over the government would lead to divergence of the ethnical issue of slavery.

Thomas Jefferson influenced north and south with the Jeffersons ideas about the rights of states and the right of revolution mentioned in Kentucky, Virginia and Declaration of Independence respectively.  Northerners revealed the equality of men by Jeffersons statement. Lincoln also mentioned it. Northerners agreed to use military force to keep the south in the union. Even Southerners opposed in danger Federal intimidation. The result was a horrific Civil War. Many Americans were slaughtered in the Civil War.

Reconstruction
After fighting of four years, the union was reinstated through oblige of arms. The problems of reconstructing the union were difficult as fighting the war. Renouncement of the secession and elimination of all the forms of slavery were the two important goals of the war, but after the war there was some disagreement among the northern leaders. Reconstruction was already begun in the earlier stages of the war ended in the year 1877 which led to the in the three amendments of the Civil War to the constitution the XIII, dealing with the abolishment of slavery, the XIV with extent ion of federal legal protections to citizens irrespective of race, and the XV, abolished the racial restrictions on voting.

World War II a channel to American Supremacy
The course of world was affected by many events, among them the World War II has produced such an impact that world is still facing. It has successfully demolished the Nazis power and has elevated two world powers as USA and USSR as an outcome of the war.
       
USA has consolidated its place as a world power after the World War II. It helped USA to dominate the world and also created conditions for effective control in the home country itself. The New Deal measures were used to overcome the greater turmoil of the war and also to overcome the problems faced in thirties such as unemployment, the economic distress and the consequent turmoil.

As Lawrence Wittner writes, The war rejuvenated American capitalism. By the end of 1944 the corporate profits were rose to  10.8 from  6.4 billion in 1940. American officials and economic strategists were happy about the wartime situation and end result and also forced for a permanent war economy, by combining business and military. Soon after the completion of World War II, American people, military and other people preferred disarmament, demobilization and also the administration of Truman which created a chaos and cold war. USA economy faced a severe setback after the war and more than 20 million people were also died. But USA came back strong regaining its military strength, rebuilding its large manufacturing industry and stabilizing its political system.

The US internal and external polices focusing on the war, enhanced the military budget and fuels the economy with war related orders. By these policies it started more aggressive foreign policies and repressive policies at home.

The causes of the World War II and rise of Communist Russia were magnified and shown to world and its people to justify its actions and made sure that its proceedings were unquestioned that helped to regain its supremacy in the world.

Conclusion
The American wars, internally and externally had changed the future course in its own growth as well as the world at large. The revolutionary war otherwise called as American war of independence has given birth to America after a furious fight with British, where it consolidated itself internally after civil war by making necessary amendments to the constitution and gained supremacy as a result World War II with its war strategies.